Clinical Applications of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)

Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is secreted by granulosa cells of ovarian follicles and reflects the remaining pool of oocytes — in other words, a woman’s ovarian reserve. Since the total number of oocytes is fixed at birth and gradually declines with age until it reaches zero at menopause, measuring AMH provides a reliable indicator of how many eggs remain.

Why Test AMH Before Pregnancy?

Think of AMH as your “egg reserve meter.”AMH is produced by small, developing follicles in the ovaries. The more small follicles there are, the higher the AMH level in the blood; conversely, fewer follicles mean lower AMH levels.

A low AMH value indicates a declining ovarian reserve, suggesting that the ovaries are aging and fertility is starting to decrease.
In short, AMH gives women a clear picture of their reproductive potential.

AMH Reflects the Quantity of Eggs

The total number of eggs in a woman’s life is limited — like a warehouse with a finite amount of grain. Each menstrual cycle “uses up” some of this supply.
AMH levels typically peak during adolescence, gradually decline with age, and become almost undetectable after menopause.

Clinical Applications of AMH

1️⃣ Assessment of Ovarian Reserve Function

AMH helps evaluate the functional capacity of the ovaries. It inhibits the premature activation of primordial follicles, thereby preserving the ovarian reserve.
AMH levels are negatively correlated with FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) —

• When AMH is high, FSH is low, indicating good ovarian function.

• When AMH is low, FSH is high, suggesting rapid depletion of follicles and declining reserve.

  
  

2️⃣ Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Women with PCOS typically have AMH levels 2–3 times higher than normal.
An AMH level above 8.5 ng/mL is highly suggestive of PCOS and has strong diagnostic specificity.

3️⃣ Applications in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)

AMH plays a key role in guiding fertility treatments:

• Predicts ovarian response — lower AMH indicates poor response to ovarian stimulation.

• Prevents ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) — higher AMH suggests a greater risk.

• Guides medication dosage — AMH values help determine the appropriate dose of ovulation-inducing drugs.

Research also shows that higher AMH levels in serum and follicular fluid correlate with better fertilization rates, making AMH a valuable biomarker for predicting IVF outcomes. Reference thresholds:

• AMH > 3 ng/mL → High ovarian response risk

• AMH < 1.5 ng/mL → Low ovarian response

4️⃣ Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

When AMH is below the normal reference range, it indicates a loss of ovarian reserve, possibly due to premature ovarian failure.
After age 35, AMH levels decline rapidly — women planning for pregnancy are strongly advised to monitor their AMH regularly.
For those who wish to delay childbearing, oocyte cryopreservation during optimal ovarian function can be a proactive fertility option.

Conclusion

AMH serves as a powerful, stable marker of female reproductive health — from assessing fertility potential and guiding assisted reproduction, to detecting ovarian disorders.
Regular monitoring of AMH not only empowers women with insight into their fertility timeline but also enables early, informed decisions about reproductive planning.

At Medlere, we are dedicated to supporting reproductive and endocrine health through advanced diagnostic innovation.
Both our FiCA Immunofluorescence Analyzer and UClia POCT CLIA Analyzer provide reliable and accurate AMH testing solutions, offering clinicians versatile options for routine and point-of-care testing environments.

With Medlere, precision meets practicality — empowering better insights for women’s health.